Textual Analysis Media Language

Micro Elements

-        Sound

-        Camera shots, angles, movement

-        Mise-en-scene

-        Editing



Sound

SOUND: Diegetic/Non- Diegetic

-        Diegetic – Refers to the world of the text. E.g.: Dialogue, sound effects, music with a source within the text – radio

-        Non-Diegetic – refers to everything outside the world of the text. E.g.: Voiceover, soundtrack, captions, titles, subtitles

SOUND: On/Off Screen

-        On-Screen sound – the audience can see the source of the sound.

-        Off-Screen sound – the audience can’t see the source of the sound.

SOUND: Parallel/Contrapuntal

-        Parallel sound – matches the action.

-        Contrapuntal sound – does not match the action. 


Camera

Camera shots

Extreme close up: a small section of an object or character

Close up: Neck and face

To emphasise how important this character is.

Medium shot (mid shot)

A figure from about the waist up

Long shot:

The whole of the body is visible.

Wide shot:

Shows a vast area

POV shot (Point of view):

Through the eyes of the character

High angle: character looks vulnerable (camera over)

Low angle: character looks in power (camera under)

Eye line level shot: balanced

Over the shoulder shot: revealing what the character is looking at (different to pov)


Camera movement: 

Panoramic shot (Pan)

Tilt: up - down or down - up; Emphasises how tall something might be.

Tracking shot: Tracks the movement; Camera moves along a dolly

Crane shot/ drone shot

Steadicam - Reflects how a character is feeling


Editing


EDITING - INTRODUCTION

1.     Speed of Editing

2.     Style of editing


Transition = Movement from one shot to another

Basic transitions include:​

Straight Cut ​

Fade​

Dissolve ​

Wipe

STRAIGHT CUT: completely invisible – very fast pace lots of cuts

-        One shot moves instantaneously to the next one without attracting the audience’s attention

-        It helps retain reality and do not break the viewers suspension or disbelief


SPEED OF EDITING


-        PSYCHO (1960): Before Attack – 15 shots

-        PSYCHO (1960): After Attack – 46 shots


Mise-en-scene

-        French term – means “in the scene or frame”

-        Elements of mise-en-scene:

1.     Settings and props

2.     Facial expressions and body language

3.     Costume, hair and make-up

4.     Lighting and colour

5.     Positioning of characters and objects in the frame

Position of characters and objects within a frame:

-        Where objects and characters and positioned is very important

-        Objects and characters can be in the foreground, middle-ground or background

-        If characters or objects are positioned evenly within the frame this will give a balanced feel to the shot – characters might have a good relationship, they are positioned equally

-        If characters are positioned at the outside of edges of the frame this indicates a distance between the characters – may have a broken relationship


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